{"id":1014,"date":"2018-12-02T20:56:45","date_gmt":"2018-12-02T20:56:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.aassie.net\/Pro\/?p=1014"},"modified":"2018-12-02T21:36:32","modified_gmt":"2018-12-02T21:36:32","slug":"mac-2k18-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aassie.net\/Pro\/mac-2k18-02\/","title":{"rendered":"Microbial Advent Calendar 2k18 \u2013 Non Mainstream dividing"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” overlay_strength=”0.3″ shape_divider_position=”bottom”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”1016″ alignment=”center” animation=”Fade In” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” max_width=”100%”][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” overlay_strength=”0.3″ shape_divider_position=”bottom”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]The second day of the Microbial Advent Calendar and today we have a sneak peak into the incredible world of nematodes associated with bacteria. There is an incredible diversity of host-associated systems in the nematode realm, today we a have a look at\u00a0Laxus oneistus. <\/em>This worm looks like, when you look very closely, something straight out of a fantasy story of\u00a0 giant worms living in dunes or other deserts… In reality those tiny creatures crawl in the sand of shallow water beaches and other marine environments. They carry their bacteria like a coat. The bacteria are thiotrophs (they obtain their energy from the surrounding sulfur particles) and it is thought that they contribute to the host’s diet in some way, while in exchange they have a nice little niche to thrive “on”.<\/p>\n

Today we focus more specifically on a twist in the bacterial symbiont’s replication. You see, usually when bacteria multiply, a single bacterium elongates in length and then splits in two. Like the blue Escherichia coli<\/em>\u00a0in the panel below.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color=”#f2a100″ background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”1017″ alignment=”center” animation=”Fade In” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” max_width=”100%”][vc_column_text]\n

A\u00a0Laxus oneistus<\/em>\u00a0up close!<\/span>
\nThis transmission electron microscopy (TEM) picture of the nematode head shows how they are things of Science Fiction! The spiral structure are thought to be sensory organs.<\/span>
\nPicture courtesy of Nikolaus Leisch<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”1019″ alignment=”center” animation=”Fade In” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” max_width=”100%”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]However, the nematode-associated bacteria are all attached to the worm’s cuticle like a picket fence, therefore if they were to multiply like regular bacteria one would always fall off the worm.\u00a0The solution to this tricky problem? Instead of dividing by length, they divid by width and this way both cells stay on the host! An example is shown with the green bacteria in the schematic.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]A few studies have looked at how this is happening on the molecular level. If you want to learn more about this, it was described by Martin Polz in 1994 (paper here<\/a>), then dissected in more detail by Nikolaus Leisch<\/a> in 2012 (paper here<\/a>) and Nika Pende in 2017 (paper here<\/a>). The last two papers were done in the lab<\/a> of Silvia Bulgareshi.<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” overlay_strength=”0.3″ shape_divider_position=”bottom”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”1016″ alignment=”center” animation=”Fade In” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” max_width=”100%”][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default”…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1015,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[11,33,64,31],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aassie.net\/Pro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1014"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aassie.net\/Pro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aassie.net\/Pro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aassie.net\/Pro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aassie.net\/Pro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1014"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.aassie.net\/Pro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1014\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1023,"href":"https:\/\/www.aassie.net\/Pro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1014\/revisions\/1023"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aassie.net\/Pro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aassie.net\/Pro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1014"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aassie.net\/Pro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1014"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aassie.net\/Pro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}